Journal Sociedad Argentina de Endocrinología Ginecológica y Reproductiva

Evaluation of seminal parameters and risk factors associated with infertility in men, Misiones, Argentina, 2019-2022

Rocío Ares — 2025-07-08

NTRODUCTION: The semen analysis (spermiogram) is an essential biochemical test, primarily used in the evaluation of infertility. It includes the assessment of both macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of semen. Multiple factors can cause alterations in these parameters (endocrine, genetic, urological, infectious, aging, exposure to substances, toxic habits). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate semen parameters and their association with infertility risk factors in men attending a public health center in Misiones province between 2019 and 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study based on a review of laboratory results and medical records. A total of 334 patients were included, with a median age of 34 years. RESULTS: 89% presented some alteration in their semen parameters, of which 50% had partial liquefaction, 42.8% hyperviscosity, 29.3% asthenozoospermia, and 28% reduced sperm vitality. The prevalence of oligospermia and azoospermia was found to be 24% and 3%, respectively. 27% presented teratozoospermia (with midpiece abnormalities being the most frequent), and 38% had leukospermia. The most frequent infertility risk factors (RF) were toxic habits, varicocele, and genitourinary infections. A high frequency of sperm abnormalities was observed in the presence of these factors, with varicocele being statistically associated with asthenozoospermia. DISCUSSION: The importance of this study lies in the regional characterization of both the most frequently altered semen parameters and the risk factors associated with male infertility. This aims to encourage interdisciplinary work so that patients can undergo appropriate fertility treatments, follow-up of underlying conditions, or assessment of their reproductive capacity.

When the essential is not invisible: Unexplained sterility, low-grade chronic inflammation and biomarkers in fertility

Eugenia Baum — 2025-07-08

Unexplained infertility (UI) represents a challenge in daily fertility practice, affecting a significant proportion of couples seeking to conceive. Recent research has identified chronic low-grade inflammation as a contributing factor to infertility and suggests that assessing inflammatory biomarkers may be essential for diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews current evidence on low-grade inflammation, the gut microbiome, intestinal dysbiosis, inflammatory biomarkers, the foundations of an antiinflammatory diet and nutrigenomics, moreover provides recommendations on lifestyle, probiotics and personalized nutritional supplementation.

Precision nutrition: Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics applied to quality of life

María Cecilia Ponce — 2025-07-09

Food is the most important environmental factor that modulates the expression of our genes and therefore our health. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics provide a scientific basis for personalized food planning by considering individual differences in metabolism and nutrient response. Genetic variants are small differences in DNA seen between individuals. Although these variations do not directly cause disease, they influence how an individual metabolizes different nutrients. The aim of this review is to analyse the evidence on nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics for personalised food planning. Planning a diet based on nutrigenetics can positively mitigate the risk of developing certain health conditions such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and chronic systemic inflammation.

Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Gut Microbiome and Hormonal Regulation

Maria Jimena Ricatti — 2025-07-09

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in human health by influencing various physiological functions through complex interactions with the endocrine system. These interactions involve the production of metabolites, signaling molecules, and direct communication with endocrine cells, which modulate hormone secretion and activity. As a result, the microbiome can exert neuroendocrine effects and contribute to metabolic regulation, adiposity, and appetite control. Additionally, the gut microbiome influences reproductive health by altering levels of sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone, potentially contributing to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypogonadism. Given these roles, targeting the gut microbiome offers researchers and clinicians novel opportunities to improve overall health and well-being. Probiotics, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, are live beneficial microbes that help maintain gut health by balancing the microbiota. Prebiotics, nondigestible fibers, nourish these beneficial bacteria, promoting their growth and activity. When combined, probiotics and prebiotics form synbiotics, which work synergistically to enhance the gut microbiota balance and improve metabolic, immune, and hormonal health. This integrated approach shows promising potential for managing conditions related to hormonal imbalances, though further research is needed to fully understand their specific mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Gut Microbiome and Hormonal Regulation

Soledad Andersen — 2025-07-09

En el presente trabajo de Basnet J et al., destacan de manera enfática la asociación existente entre la microbiota —entendida como el conjunto de microorganismos que habitan principalmente el colon— y diversos procesos relacionados con el metabolismo y la funcionalidad hormonal. Asimismo, se analiza el papel fundamental del microbioma, definido como el conjunto del material genético de la microbiota en la regulación del metabolismo hormonal a través de la síntesis y actividad enzimática llevada a cabo por estos microorganismos.

Normoprolactinemic Galactorrhea in a non pregnant adolescent

Natalia Villegas — 2025-07-09

Galactorrhea is the secretion of milk outside the context of pregnancy or recent breastfeeding, commonly associated with hyperprolactinemia, though it can also occur with normal prolactin levels. Various factors such as medications, stress, or hormonal stimuli may trigger it. This case report describes an adolescent with normoprolactinemic galactorrhea, a history of psychiatric treatment, and recent use of hormonal contraceptives, in whom organic causes were ruled out. A possible link with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is explored, highlighting the importance of a broaddiagnostic approach and conservative management in such cases.

Birth defects reporting and the use of dydrogesterone: a disproportionality analysis from the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase)

A Henry — 2025-07-09

Is there an association between dydrogesterone exposure during early pregnancy and the reporting of birth defects?